HorizonsClass

class astroquery.jplhorizons.HorizonsClass(id=None, *, location=None, epochs=None, id_type=None)[source]

Bases: BaseQuery

Query the JPL Horizons service.

Initialize JPL query.

Parameters:
idstr or dict, required

Name, number, or designation of target object. Uses the same codes as JPL Horizons. Arbitrary topocentric coordinates can be added in a dict. The dict has to be of the form {'lon': longitude in deg (East positive, West negative), 'lat': latitude in deg (North positive, South negative), 'elevation': elevation in km above the reference ellipsoid, ['body': Horizons body ID of the central body; optional; if this value is not provided it is assumed that this location is on Earth]}. Float values are assumed to have units of degrees and kilometers.

locationstr or dict, optional

Observer’s location for ephemerides queries or center body name for orbital element or vector queries. Uses the same codes as JPL Horizons. If no location is provided, Earth’s center is used for ephemerides queries and the Sun’s center for elements and vectors queries. Arbitrary topocentric coordinates for ephemerides queries can be provided in the format of a dictionary. The dictionary has to be of the form {'lon': longitude (East positive, West negative), 'lat': latitude (North positive, South negative), 'elevation': elevation above the reference ellipsoid, ['body': Horizons body ID of the central body; optional; if this value is not provided it is assumed that this location is on Earth]}. Float values are assumed to have units of degrees and kilometers.

epochsscalar, list-like, or dictionary, optional

Either a list of epochs in JD or MJD format or a dictionary defining a range of times and dates; the range dictionary has to be of the form {'start': ‘YYYY-MM-DD [HH:MM:SS]’, 'stop': ‘YYYY-MM-DD [HH:MM:SS]’, 'step': ‘n[y|d|m|s]’}. Epoch timescales depend on the type of query performed: UTC for ephemerides queries, TDB for element and vector queries. If no epochs are provided, the current time is used.

id_typestr, optional

Controls Horizons’s object selection for id [HORIZONSDOC_SELECTION] . Options: 'designation' (small body designation), 'name' (asteroid or comet name), 'asteroid_name', 'comet_name', 'smallbody' (asteroid and comet search), or None (first search search planets, natural satellites, spacecraft, and special cases, and if no matches, then search small bodies).

References

Examples

>>> from astroquery.jplhorizons import Horizons
>>> eros = Horizons(id='433', location='568',
...                 epochs={'start': '2017-01-01',
...                         'stop': '2017-02-01',
...                         'step': '1d'})
>>> print(eros)
JPLHorizons instance "433"; location=568,
epochs={'start': '2017-01-01', 'stop': '2017-02-01', 'step': '1d'}, id_type=None

Attributes Summary

TIMEOUT

id

location

raw_response

Deprecated since version 0.4.7.

Methods Summary

elements(*args, **kwargs)

Queries the service and returns a table object.

elements_async(*[, get_query_payload, ...])

Query JPL Horizons for osculating orbital elements.

ephemerides(*args, **kwargs)

Queries the service and returns a table object.

ephemerides_async(*[, airmass_lessthan, ...])

Query JPL Horizons for ephemerides.

vectors(*args, **kwargs)

Queries the service and returns a table object.

vectors_async(*[, get_query_payload, ...])

Query JPL Horizons for state vectors.

Attributes Documentation

TIMEOUT = 30
id
location
raw_response

Deprecated since version 0.4.7: The raw_response attribute is deprecated and may be removed in a future version. Use an _async method (e.g., ephemerides_async) to return a response object, and access the content with response.text instead.

Methods Documentation

elements(*args, **kwargs)

Queries the service and returns a table object.

Query JPL Horizons for osculating orbital elements.

Deprecated since version 0.4.7: The get_raw_response keyword argument is deprecated. The elements_async method will return a raw response.

The location parameter in HorizonsClass refers in this case to the center body relative to which the elements are provided.

The following table lists the values queried, their definitions, data types, units, and original Horizons designations (where available). For more information on the definitions of these quantities, please refer to the Horizons User Manual.

Column Name

Definition

targetname

official number, name, designation (string)

H

absolute magnitude in V band (float, mag)

G

photometric slope parameter (float)

M1

comet total abs mag (float, mag, M1)

M2

comet nuclear abs mag (float, mag, M2)

k1

total mag scaling factor (float, k1)

k2

nuclear mag scaling factor (float, k2)

phasecoeff

comet phase coeff (float, mag/deg, PHCOFF)

datetime_str

epoch Date (str, Calendar Date (TDB))

datetime_jd

epoch Julian Date (float, JDTDB)

e

eccentricity (float, EC)

q

periapsis distance (float, au, QR)

a

semi-major axis (float, au, A)

incl

inclination (float, deg, IN)

Omega

longitude of Asc. Node (float, deg, OM)

w

argument of the perifocus (float, deg, W)

Tp_jd

time of periapsis (float, Julian Date, Tp)

n

mean motion (float, deg/d, N)

M

mean anomaly (float, deg, MA)

nu

true anomaly (float, deg, TA)

period

orbital period (float, (Earth) d, PR)

Q

apoapsis distance (float, au, AD)
Parameters:
refsystemstring

Element reference system for geometric and astrometric quantities: 'ICRF' or 'B1950'; default: 'ICRF'

refplanestring

Reference plane for all output quantities: 'ecliptic' (ecliptic and mean equinox of reference epoch), 'earth' (Earth mean equator and equinox of reference epoch), or 'body' (body mean equator and node of date); default: 'ecliptic'

tp_typestring

Representation for time-of-perihelion passage: 'absolute' or 'relative' (to epoch); default: 'absolute'

closest_apparitionboolean, optional

Only applies to comets. This option will choose the closest apparition available in time to the selected epoch; default: False. Do not use this option for non-cometary objects.

no_fragmentsboolean, optional

Only applies to comets. Reject all comet fragments from selection; default: False. Do not use this option for non-cometary objects.

get_query_payloadboolean, optional

When set to True the method returns the HTTP request parameters as a dict, default: False

get_raw_response: boolean, optional

Return raw data as obtained by JPL Horizons without parsing the data into a table, default: False

cachebool

Defaults to True. If set overrides global caching behavior. See caching documentation.

responserequests.Response

The response of the HTTP request.

Returns:
tableA Table object.

Examples

>>> from astroquery.jplhorizons import Horizons
>>> obj = Horizons(id='433', location='500@10',
...                epochs=2458133.33546)
>>> el = obj.elements()  
>>> print(el)  
    targetname      datetime_jd  ...       Q            P
        ---              d       ...       AU           d
------------------ ------------- ... ------------- ------------
433 Eros (1898 DQ) 2458133.33546 ... 1.78244263804 642.93873484
elements_async(*, get_query_payload=False, refsystem='ICRF', refplane='ecliptic', tp_type='absolute', closest_apparition=False, no_fragments=False, get_raw_response=False, cache=True)[source]

Query JPL Horizons for osculating orbital elements.

Deprecated since version 0.4.7: The get_raw_response keyword argument is deprecated. The elements_async method will return a raw response.

The location parameter in HorizonsClass refers in this case to the center body relative to which the elements are provided.

The following table lists the values queried, their definitions, data types, units, and original Horizons designations (where available). For more information on the definitions of these quantities, please refer to the Horizons User Manual.

Column Name

Definition

targetname

official number, name, designation (string)

H

absolute magnitude in V band (float, mag)

G

photometric slope parameter (float)

M1

comet total abs mag (float, mag, M1)

M2

comet nuclear abs mag (float, mag, M2)

k1

total mag scaling factor (float, k1)

k2

nuclear mag scaling factor (float, k2)

phasecoeff

comet phase coeff (float, mag/deg, PHCOFF)

datetime_str

epoch Date (str, Calendar Date (TDB))

datetime_jd

epoch Julian Date (float, JDTDB)

e

eccentricity (float, EC)

q

periapsis distance (float, au, QR)

a

semi-major axis (float, au, A)

incl

inclination (float, deg, IN)

Omega

longitude of Asc. Node (float, deg, OM)

w

argument of the perifocus (float, deg, W)

Tp_jd

time of periapsis (float, Julian Date, Tp)

n

mean motion (float, deg/d, N)

M

mean anomaly (float, deg, MA)

nu

true anomaly (float, deg, TA)

period

orbital period (float, (Earth) d, PR)

Q

apoapsis distance (float, au, AD)
Parameters:
refsystemstring

Element reference system for geometric and astrometric quantities: 'ICRF' or 'B1950'; default: 'ICRF'

refplanestring

Reference plane for all output quantities: 'ecliptic' (ecliptic and mean equinox of reference epoch), 'earth' (Earth mean equator and equinox of reference epoch), or 'body' (body mean equator and node of date); default: 'ecliptic'

tp_typestring

Representation for time-of-perihelion passage: 'absolute' or 'relative' (to epoch); default: 'absolute'

closest_apparitionboolean, optional

Only applies to comets. This option will choose the closest apparition available in time to the selected epoch; default: False. Do not use this option for non-cometary objects.

no_fragmentsboolean, optional

Only applies to comets. Reject all comet fragments from selection; default: False. Do not use this option for non-cometary objects.

get_query_payloadboolean, optional

When set to True the method returns the HTTP request parameters as a dict, default: False

get_raw_response: boolean, optional

Return raw data as obtained by JPL Horizons without parsing the data into a table, default: False

cachebool

Defaults to True. If set overrides global caching behavior. See caching documentation.

Returns:
responserequests.Response

The response of the HTTP request.

Examples

>>> from astroquery.jplhorizons import Horizons
>>> obj = Horizons(id='433', location='500@10',
...                epochs=2458133.33546)
>>> el = obj.elements()  
>>> print(el)  
    targetname      datetime_jd  ...       Q            P
        ---              d       ...       AU           d
------------------ ------------- ... ------------- ------------
433 Eros (1898 DQ) 2458133.33546 ... 1.78244263804 642.93873484
ephemerides(*args, **kwargs)

Queries the service and returns a table object.

Query JPL Horizons for ephemerides.

Deprecated since version 0.4.7: The get_raw_response keyword argument is deprecated. The ephemerides_async method will return a raw response.

The location parameter in HorizonsClass refers in this case to the location of the observer.

The following tables list the values queried, their definitions, data types, units, and original Horizons designations (where available). For more information on the definitions of these quantities, please refer to the Horizons User Manual.

Column Name

Definition

targetname

official number, name, designation (string)

H

absolute magnitude in V band (float, mag)

G

photometric slope parameter (float)

M1

comet total abs mag (float, mag, M1)

M2

comet nuclear abs mag (float, mag, M2)

k1

total mag scaling factor (float, k1)

k2

nuclear mag scaling factor (float, k2)

phasecoeff

comet phase coeff (float, mag/deg, PHCOFF)

datetime_str

epoch (str, Date__(UT)__HR:MN:SC.fff)

datetime_jd

epoch Julian Date (float, Date_________JDUT)

solar_presence

information on Sun’s presence (str)

flags

information on Moon, target status (str)

RA

target RA (float, deg, DEC_(XXX))

DEC

target DEC (float, deg, DEC_(XXX))

RA_app

target apparent RA (float, deg, R.A._(a-app))

DEC_app

target apparent DEC (float, deg, DEC_(a-app))

RA_rate

target rate RA (float, arcsec/hr, RA*cosD)

DEC_rate

target RA (float, arcsec/hr, d(DEC)/dt)

AZ

Azimuth (float, deg, EoN, Azi_(a-app))

EL

Elevation (float, deg, Elev_(a-app))

AZ_rate

Azimuth rate (float, arcsec/minute, dAZ*cosE)

EL_rate

Elevation rate (float, arcsec/minute, d(ELV)/dt)

sat_X

satellite X position (arcsec, X_(sat-prim))

sat_Y

satellite Y position (arcsec, Y_(sat-prim))

sat_PANG

satellite position angle (deg, SatPANG)

siderealtime

local apparent sidereal time (str, L_Ap_Sid_Time)

airmass

target optical airmass (float, a-mass)

magextinct

V-mag extinction (float, mag, mag_ex)

V

V magnitude (float, mag, APmag)

Tmag

comet Total magnitude (float, mag, T-mag)

Nmag

comet Nucleaus magnitude (float, mag, N-mag)

surfbright

surf brightness (float, mag/arcsec^2, S-brt)

illumination

frac of illumination (float, percent, Illu%)

illum_defect

Defect of illumination (float, arcsec, Dec_illu)

sat_sep

Target-primary angular separation (float, arcsec, ang-sep)

sat_vis

Target-primary visibility (str, v)

ang_width

Angular width of target (float, arcsec, Ang-diam)

PDObsLon

Apparent planetodetic longitude (float, deg, ObsSub-LON)

PDObsLat

Apparent planetodetic latitude (float, deg, ObsSub-LAT)

PDSunLon

Subsolar planetodetic longitude (float, deg, SunSub-LON)

PDSunLat

Subsolar planetodetic latitude (float, deg, SunSub-LAT)

SubSol_ang

Target sub-solar point position angle (float, deg, SN.ang)

SubSol_dist

Target sub-solar point position angle distance (float, arcsec, SN.dist)

NPole_ang

Target’s North Pole position angle (float, deg, NP.ang)

NPole_dist

Target’s North Pole position angle distance (float, arcsec, NP.dist)

EclLon

heliocentr ecl long (float, deg, hEcl-Lon)

EclLat

heliocentr ecl lat (float, deg, hEcl-Lat)

ObsEclLon

obscentr ecl long (float, deg, ObsEcLon)

ObsEclLat

obscentr ecl lat (float, deg, ObsEcLat)

r

heliocentric distance (float, au, r)

r_rate

heliocentric radial rate (float, km/s, rdot)

delta

distance from observer (float, au, delta)

delta_rate

obs-centric rad rate (float, km/s, deldot)

lighttime

one-way light time (float, min, 1-way_LT)

vel_sun

Target center velocity wrt Sun (float, km/s, VmagSn)

vel_obs

Target center velocity wrt Observer (float, km/s, VmagOb)

elong

solar elongation (float, deg, S-O-T)

elongFlag

app. position relative to Sun (str, /r)

alpha

solar phase angle (float, deg, S-T-O)

lunar_elong

Apparent lunar elongation angle wrt target (float, deg, T-O-M)

lunar_illum

Lunar illumination percentage (float, percent, MN_Illu%)

IB_elong

Apparent interfering body elongation angle wrt target (float, deg, T-O-I)

IB_illum

Interfering body illumination percentage (float, percent, IB_Illu%)

sat_alpha

Observer-Primary-Target angle (float, deg, O-P-T)

OrbPlaneAng

orbital plane angle (float, deg, PlAng)

sunTargetPA

-Sun vector PA (float, deg, EoN, PsAng)

velocityPA

-velocity vector PA (float, deg, EoN, PsAMV)

constellation

constellation ID containing target (str, Cnst)

TDB-UT

difference between TDB and UT (float, seconds, TDB-UT)

NPole_RA

Target’s North Pole RA (float, deg, N.Pole-RA)

NPole_DEC

Target’s North Pole DEC (float, deg, N.Pole-DC)

GlxLon

galactic longitude (float, deg, GlxLon)

GlxLat

galactic latitude (float, deg, GlxLat)

solartime

local apparent solar time (string, L_Ap_SOL_Time)

earth_lighttime

observer lighttime from center of Earth (float, minutes, 399_ins_LT

RA_3sigma

3 sigma positional uncertainty in RA (float, arcsec, RA_3sigma)

DEC_3sigma

3 sigma positional uncertainty in DEC (float, arcsec, DEC_3sigma)

SMAA_3sigma

3sig pos unc error ellipse semi-major axis (float, arcsec, SMAA_3sig)

SMIA_3sigma

3sig pos unc error ellipse semi-minor axis (float, arcsec, SMIA_3sig)

Theta_3sigma

pos unc error ellipse position angle (float, deg, Theta)

Area_3sigma

3sig pos unc error ellipse are (float, arcsec^2, Area_3sig)

RSS_3sigma

3sig pos unc error ellipse root-sum-square (float, arcsec, POS_3sigma)

r_3sigma

3sig range uncertainty (float, km, RNG_3sigma)

r_rate_3sigma

3sig range rate uncertainty (float, km/second, RNGRT_3sigma)

SBand_3sigma

3sig Doppler radar uncertainties at S-band (float, Hertz, DOP_S_3sig)

XBand_3sigma

3sig Doppler radar uncertainties at X-band (float, Hertz, DOP_X_3sig)

DoppDelay_3sigma

3sig Doppler radar round-trip delay unc (float, second, RT_delay_3sig)

true_anom

True Anomaly (float, deg, Tru_Anom)

hour_angle

local apparent hour angle (float, hour, L_Ap_Hour_Ang)

alpha_true

true phase angle (float, deg, phi)

PABLon

phase angle bisector longitude (float, deg, PAB-LON)

PABLat

phase angle bisector latitude (float, deg, PAB-LAT)

App_Lon_Sun

apparent target-centered longitude of the Sun (float, hour, App_Lon_Sun)

RA_ICRF_app

airless apparent right ascension of the target in the ICRF (float, hour, RA_(ICRF-a-app))

DEC_ICRF_app

airless apparent declination of the target in the ICRF (float, deg, DEC_(ICRF-a-app))

RA_ICRF_rate_app

RA rate of change in the targets’ ICRF multiplied by the cosine of declination (float, arcsec/hour, I_dRA*cosD)

DEC_ICRF_rate_app

DEC rate of change in the targets’ ICRF (float, arcsec/hour, I_d(DEC)/dt)

Sky_motion

Total apparent angular rate in the plane-of- sky (float, arcsec/minute, Sky_motion)

Sky_mot_PA

position angle direction of motion in the plane-of-sky (float, deg, Sky_mot_PA)

RelVel-ANG

flight path angle of the target’s relative motion with respect to the observer’s line-of-sight (float, deg, RelVel-ANG)

Lun_Sky_Brt

Sky brightness due to moonlight (float, mag, Lun_Sky_Brt)

sky_SNR

approximate visual signal-to-noise ratio of the target’s brightness divided by lunar sky brightness (float, unitless, sky_SNR)
Parameters:
airmass_lessthanfloat, optional

Defines a maximum airmass for the query, default: 99

solar_elongationtuple, optional

Permissible solar elongation range: (minimum, maximum); default: (0,180)

max_hour_anglefloat, optional

Defines a maximum hour angle for the query, default: 0

rate_cutofffloat, optional

Angular range rate upper limit cutoff in arcsec/h; default: disabled

skip_daylightboolean, optional

Crop daylight epochs in query, default: False

refractionboolean

If True, coordinates account for a standard atmosphere refraction model; if False, coordinates do not account for refraction (airless model); default: False

refsystemstring

Coordinate reference system: 'ICRF' or 'B1950'; default: 'ICRF'

closest_apparitionboolean, optional

Only applies to comets. This option will choose the closest apparition available in time to the selected epoch; default: False. Do not use this option for non-cometary objects.

no_fragmentsboolean, optional

Only applies to comets. Reject all comet fragments from selection; default: False. Do not use this option for non-cometary objects.

quantitiesinteger or string, optional

Single integer or comma-separated list in the form of a string corresponding to all the quantities to be queried from JPL Horizons using the coding according to the JPL Horizons User Manual Definition of Observer Table Quantities; default: all quantities

optional_settings: dict, optional

key-value based dictionary to inject some additional optional settings See Optional observer-table settings”; default: empty optional setting

get_query_payloadboolean, optional

When set to True the method returns the HTTP request parameters as a dict, default: False

get_raw_responseboolean, optional

Return raw data as obtained by JPL Horizons without parsing the data into a table, default: False

extra_precisionboolean, optional

Enables extra precision in RA and DEC values; default: False

cachebool

Defaults to True. If set overrides global caching behavior. See caching documentation.

responserequests.Response

The response of the HTTP request.

Returns:
tableA Table object.

Examples

>>> from astroquery.jplhorizons import Horizons
>>> obj = Horizons(id='Ceres', location='568',
...             epochs={'start':'2010-01-01',
...                     'stop':'2010-03-01',
...                     'step':'10d'})
>>> eph = obj.ephemerides()  
>>> print(eph)  
    targetname       datetime_str   datetime_jd ...  PABLon  PABLat
       ---               ---             d      ...   deg     deg
----------------- ----------------- ----------- ... -------- ------
1 Ceres (A801 AA) 2010-Jan-01 00:00   2455197.5 ... 238.2494 4.5532
1 Ceres (A801 AA) 2010-Jan-11 00:00   2455207.5 ... 241.3339 4.2832
1 Ceres (A801 AA) 2010-Jan-21 00:00   2455217.5 ... 244.3394 4.0089
1 Ceres (A801 AA) 2010-Jan-31 00:00   2455227.5 ... 247.2518 3.7289
1 Ceres (A801 AA) 2010-Feb-10 00:00   2455237.5 ... 250.0576 3.4415
1 Ceres (A801 AA) 2010-Feb-20 00:00   2455247.5 ... 252.7383 3.1451
ephemerides_async(*, airmass_lessthan=99, solar_elongation=(0, 180), max_hour_angle=0, rate_cutoff=None, skip_daylight=False, refraction=False, refsystem='ICRF', closest_apparition=False, no_fragments=False, quantities='1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43', optional_settings=None, get_query_payload=False, get_raw_response=False, cache=True, extra_precision=False)[source]

Query JPL Horizons for ephemerides.

Deprecated since version 0.4.7: The get_raw_response keyword argument is deprecated. The ephemerides_async method will return a raw response.

The location parameter in HorizonsClass refers in this case to the location of the observer.

The following tables list the values queried, their definitions, data types, units, and original Horizons designations (where available). For more information on the definitions of these quantities, please refer to the Horizons User Manual.

Column Name

Definition

targetname

official number, name, designation (string)

H

absolute magnitude in V band (float, mag)

G

photometric slope parameter (float)

M1

comet total abs mag (float, mag, M1)

M2

comet nuclear abs mag (float, mag, M2)

k1

total mag scaling factor (float, k1)

k2

nuclear mag scaling factor (float, k2)

phasecoeff

comet phase coeff (float, mag/deg, PHCOFF)

datetime_str

epoch (str, Date__(UT)__HR:MN:SC.fff)

datetime_jd

epoch Julian Date (float, Date_________JDUT)

solar_presence

information on Sun’s presence (str)

flags

information on Moon, target status (str)

RA

target RA (float, deg, DEC_(XXX))

DEC

target DEC (float, deg, DEC_(XXX))

RA_app

target apparent RA (float, deg, R.A._(a-app))

DEC_app

target apparent DEC (float, deg, DEC_(a-app))

RA_rate

target rate RA (float, arcsec/hr, RA*cosD)

DEC_rate

target RA (float, arcsec/hr, d(DEC)/dt)

AZ

Azimuth (float, deg, EoN, Azi_(a-app))

EL

Elevation (float, deg, Elev_(a-app))

AZ_rate

Azimuth rate (float, arcsec/minute, dAZ*cosE)

EL_rate

Elevation rate (float, arcsec/minute, d(ELV)/dt)

sat_X

satellite X position (arcsec, X_(sat-prim))

sat_Y

satellite Y position (arcsec, Y_(sat-prim))

sat_PANG

satellite position angle (deg, SatPANG)

siderealtime

local apparent sidereal time (str, L_Ap_Sid_Time)

airmass

target optical airmass (float, a-mass)

magextinct

V-mag extinction (float, mag, mag_ex)

V

V magnitude (float, mag, APmag)

Tmag

comet Total magnitude (float, mag, T-mag)

Nmag

comet Nucleaus magnitude (float, mag, N-mag)

surfbright

surf brightness (float, mag/arcsec^2, S-brt)

illumination

frac of illumination (float, percent, Illu%)

illum_defect

Defect of illumination (float, arcsec, Dec_illu)

sat_sep

Target-primary angular separation (float, arcsec, ang-sep)

sat_vis

Target-primary visibility (str, v)

ang_width

Angular width of target (float, arcsec, Ang-diam)

PDObsLon

Apparent planetodetic longitude (float, deg, ObsSub-LON)

PDObsLat

Apparent planetodetic latitude (float, deg, ObsSub-LAT)

PDSunLon

Subsolar planetodetic longitude (float, deg, SunSub-LON)

PDSunLat

Subsolar planetodetic latitude (float, deg, SunSub-LAT)

SubSol_ang

Target sub-solar point position angle (float, deg, SN.ang)

SubSol_dist

Target sub-solar point position angle distance (float, arcsec, SN.dist)

NPole_ang

Target’s North Pole position angle (float, deg, NP.ang)

NPole_dist

Target’s North Pole position angle distance (float, arcsec, NP.dist)

EclLon

heliocentr ecl long (float, deg, hEcl-Lon)

EclLat

heliocentr ecl lat (float, deg, hEcl-Lat)

ObsEclLon

obscentr ecl long (float, deg, ObsEcLon)

ObsEclLat

obscentr ecl lat (float, deg, ObsEcLat)

r

heliocentric distance (float, au, r)

r_rate

heliocentric radial rate (float, km/s, rdot)

delta

distance from observer (float, au, delta)

delta_rate

obs-centric rad rate (float, km/s, deldot)

lighttime

one-way light time (float, min, 1-way_LT)

vel_sun

Target center velocity wrt Sun (float, km/s, VmagSn)

vel_obs

Target center velocity wrt Observer (float, km/s, VmagOb)

elong

solar elongation (float, deg, S-O-T)

elongFlag

app. position relative to Sun (str, /r)

alpha

solar phase angle (float, deg, S-T-O)

lunar_elong

Apparent lunar elongation angle wrt target (float, deg, T-O-M)

lunar_illum

Lunar illumination percentage (float, percent, MN_Illu%)

IB_elong

Apparent interfering body elongation angle wrt target (float, deg, T-O-I)

IB_illum

Interfering body illumination percentage (float, percent, IB_Illu%)

sat_alpha

Observer-Primary-Target angle (float, deg, O-P-T)

OrbPlaneAng

orbital plane angle (float, deg, PlAng)

sunTargetPA

-Sun vector PA (float, deg, EoN, PsAng)

velocityPA

-velocity vector PA (float, deg, EoN, PsAMV)

constellation

constellation ID containing target (str, Cnst)

TDB-UT

difference between TDB and UT (float, seconds, TDB-UT)

NPole_RA

Target’s North Pole RA (float, deg, N.Pole-RA)

NPole_DEC

Target’s North Pole DEC (float, deg, N.Pole-DC)

GlxLon

galactic longitude (float, deg, GlxLon)

GlxLat

galactic latitude (float, deg, GlxLat)

solartime

local apparent solar time (string, L_Ap_SOL_Time)

earth_lighttime

observer lighttime from center of Earth (float, minutes, 399_ins_LT

RA_3sigma

3 sigma positional uncertainty in RA (float, arcsec, RA_3sigma)

DEC_3sigma

3 sigma positional uncertainty in DEC (float, arcsec, DEC_3sigma)

SMAA_3sigma

3sig pos unc error ellipse semi-major axis (float, arcsec, SMAA_3sig)

SMIA_3sigma

3sig pos unc error ellipse semi-minor axis (float, arcsec, SMIA_3sig)

Theta_3sigma

pos unc error ellipse position angle (float, deg, Theta)

Area_3sigma

3sig pos unc error ellipse are (float, arcsec^2, Area_3sig)

RSS_3sigma

3sig pos unc error ellipse root-sum-square (float, arcsec, POS_3sigma)

r_3sigma

3sig range uncertainty (float, km, RNG_3sigma)

r_rate_3sigma

3sig range rate uncertainty (float, km/second, RNGRT_3sigma)

SBand_3sigma

3sig Doppler radar uncertainties at S-band (float, Hertz, DOP_S_3sig)

XBand_3sigma

3sig Doppler radar uncertainties at X-band (float, Hertz, DOP_X_3sig)

DoppDelay_3sigma

3sig Doppler radar round-trip delay unc (float, second, RT_delay_3sig)

true_anom

True Anomaly (float, deg, Tru_Anom)

hour_angle

local apparent hour angle (float, hour, L_Ap_Hour_Ang)

alpha_true

true phase angle (float, deg, phi)

PABLon

phase angle bisector longitude (float, deg, PAB-LON)

PABLat

phase angle bisector latitude (float, deg, PAB-LAT)

App_Lon_Sun

apparent target-centered longitude of the Sun (float, hour, App_Lon_Sun)

RA_ICRF_app

airless apparent right ascension of the target in the ICRF (float, hour, RA_(ICRF-a-app))

DEC_ICRF_app

airless apparent declination of the target in the ICRF (float, deg, DEC_(ICRF-a-app))

RA_ICRF_rate_app

RA rate of change in the targets’ ICRF multiplied by the cosine of declination (float, arcsec/hour, I_dRA*cosD)

DEC_ICRF_rate_app

DEC rate of change in the targets’ ICRF (float, arcsec/hour, I_d(DEC)/dt)

Sky_motion

Total apparent angular rate in the plane-of- sky (float, arcsec/minute, Sky_motion)

Sky_mot_PA

position angle direction of motion in the plane-of-sky (float, deg, Sky_mot_PA)

RelVel-ANG

flight path angle of the target’s relative motion with respect to the observer’s line-of-sight (float, deg, RelVel-ANG)

Lun_Sky_Brt

Sky brightness due to moonlight (float, mag, Lun_Sky_Brt)

sky_SNR

approximate visual signal-to-noise ratio of the target’s brightness divided by lunar sky brightness (float, unitless, sky_SNR)
Parameters:
airmass_lessthanfloat, optional

Defines a maximum airmass for the query, default: 99

solar_elongationtuple, optional

Permissible solar elongation range: (minimum, maximum); default: (0,180)

max_hour_anglefloat, optional

Defines a maximum hour angle for the query, default: 0

rate_cutofffloat, optional

Angular range rate upper limit cutoff in arcsec/h; default: disabled

skip_daylightboolean, optional

Crop daylight epochs in query, default: False

refractionboolean

If True, coordinates account for a standard atmosphere refraction model; if False, coordinates do not account for refraction (airless model); default: False

refsystemstring

Coordinate reference system: 'ICRF' or 'B1950'; default: 'ICRF'

closest_apparitionboolean, optional

Only applies to comets. This option will choose the closest apparition available in time to the selected epoch; default: False. Do not use this option for non-cometary objects.

no_fragmentsboolean, optional

Only applies to comets. Reject all comet fragments from selection; default: False. Do not use this option for non-cometary objects.

quantitiesinteger or string, optional

Single integer or comma-separated list in the form of a string corresponding to all the quantities to be queried from JPL Horizons using the coding according to the JPL Horizons User Manual Definition of Observer Table Quantities; default: all quantities

optional_settings: dict, optional

key-value based dictionary to inject some additional optional settings See Optional observer-table settings”; default: empty optional setting

get_query_payloadboolean, optional

When set to True the method returns the HTTP request parameters as a dict, default: False

get_raw_responseboolean, optional

Return raw data as obtained by JPL Horizons without parsing the data into a table, default: False

extra_precisionboolean, optional

Enables extra precision in RA and DEC values; default: False

cachebool

Defaults to True. If set overrides global caching behavior. See caching documentation.

Returns:
responserequests.Response

The response of the HTTP request.

Examples

>>> from astroquery.jplhorizons import Horizons
>>> obj = Horizons(id='Ceres', location='568',
...             epochs={'start':'2010-01-01',
...                     'stop':'2010-03-01',
...                     'step':'10d'})
>>> eph = obj.ephemerides()  
>>> print(eph)  
    targetname       datetime_str   datetime_jd ...  PABLon  PABLat
       ---               ---             d      ...   deg     deg
----------------- ----------------- ----------- ... -------- ------
1 Ceres (A801 AA) 2010-Jan-01 00:00   2455197.5 ... 238.2494 4.5532
1 Ceres (A801 AA) 2010-Jan-11 00:00   2455207.5 ... 241.3339 4.2832
1 Ceres (A801 AA) 2010-Jan-21 00:00   2455217.5 ... 244.3394 4.0089
1 Ceres (A801 AA) 2010-Jan-31 00:00   2455227.5 ... 247.2518 3.7289
1 Ceres (A801 AA) 2010-Feb-10 00:00   2455237.5 ... 250.0576 3.4415
1 Ceres (A801 AA) 2010-Feb-20 00:00   2455247.5 ... 252.7383 3.1451
vectors(*args, **kwargs)

Queries the service and returns a table object.

Query JPL Horizons for state vectors.

Deprecated since version 0.4.7: The get_raw_response keyword argument is deprecated. The vectors_async method will return a raw response.

The location parameter in HorizonsClass refers in this case to the center body relative to which the vectors are provided.

The following table lists the values queried, their definitions, data types, units, and original Horizons designations (where available). For more information on the definitions of these quantities, please refer to the Horizons User Manual.

Column Name

Definition

targetname

official number, name, designation (string)

H

absolute magnitude in V band (float, mag)

G

photometric slope parameter (float)

M1

comet total abs mag (float, mag, M1)

M2

comet nuclear abs mag (float, mag, M2)

k1

total mag scaling factor (float, k1)

k2

nuclear mag scaling factor (float, k2)

phasecoeff

comet phase coeff (float, mag/deg, PHCOFF)

datetime_str

epoch Date (str, Calendar Date (TDB))

datetime_jd

epoch Julian Date (float, JDTDB)

delta_T

time-varying difference between TDB and UT (float, delta-T, optional)

x

x-component of position vector (float, au, X)

y

y-component of position vector (float, au, Y)

z

z-component of position vector (float, au, Z)

vx

x-component of velocity vector (float, au/d, VX)

vy

y-component of velocity vector (float, au/d, VY)

vz

z-component of velocity vector (float, au/d, VZ)

lighttime

one-way lighttime (float, d, LT)

range

range from coordinate center (float, au, RG)

range_rate

range rate (float, au/d, RR)
Parameters:
closest_apparitionboolean, optional

Only applies to comets. This option will choose the closest apparition available in time to the selected epoch; default: False. Do not use this option for non-cometary objects.

no_fragmentsboolean, optional

Only applies to comets. Reject all comet fragments from selection; default: False. Do not use this option for non-cometary objects.

get_query_payloadboolean, optional

When set to True the method returns the HTTP request parameters as a dict, default: False

get_raw_response: boolean, optional

Return raw data as obtained by JPL Horizons without parsing the data into a table, default: False

refplanestring

Reference plane for all output quantities: 'ecliptic' (ecliptic and mean equinox of reference epoch), 'earth' (Earth mean equator and equinox of reference epoch), or 'body' (body mean equator and node of date); default: 'ecliptic'.

See Horizons Reference Frames in the astroquery documentation for details.

aberrationsstring, optional

Aberrations to be accounted for: ['geometric', 'astrometric', 'apparent']. Default: 'geometric'

delta_Tboolean, optional

Triggers output of time-varying difference between TDB and UT time-scales. Default: False

cachebool

Defaults to True. If set overrides global caching behavior. See caching documentation.

responserequests.Response

The response of the HTTP request.

Returns:
tableA Table object.

Examples

>>> from astroquery.jplhorizons import Horizons
>>> obj = Horizons(id='2012 TC4', location='257',
...                epochs={'start': '2017-10-01',
...                        'stop': '2017-10-02',
...                        'step': '10m'})
>>> vec = obj.vectors()  
>>> print(vec)  
targetname  datetime_jd  ...      range          range_rate
   ---           d       ...        AU             AU / d
---------- ------------- ... --------------- -----------------
(2012 TC4)     2458027.5 ... 0.0429332099306 -0.00408018711862
(2012 TC4) 2458027.50694 ... 0.0429048742906 -0.00408040726527
(2012 TC4) 2458027.51389 ... 0.0428765385796 -0.00408020747595
(2012 TC4) 2458027.52083 ... 0.0428482057142  -0.0040795878561
(2012 TC4) 2458027.52778 ...  0.042819878607 -0.00407854931543
(2012 TC4) 2458027.53472 ... 0.0427915601617  -0.0040770935665
       ...           ... ...             ...               ...
(2012 TC4) 2458028.45833 ... 0.0392489462501 -0.00405496595173
(2012 TC4) 2458028.46528 ...   0.03922077771 -0.00405750632914
(2012 TC4) 2458028.47222 ...  0.039192592935 -0.00405964084539
(2012 TC4) 2458028.47917 ...  0.039164394759 -0.00406136516755
(2012 TC4) 2458028.48611 ... 0.0391361860433 -0.00406267574646
(2012 TC4) 2458028.49306 ... 0.0391079696711  -0.0040635698239
(2012 TC4)     2458028.5 ... 0.0390797485422 -0.00406404543822
Length = 145 rows
vectors_async(*, get_query_payload=False, closest_apparition=False, no_fragments=False, get_raw_response=False, cache=True, refplane='ecliptic', aberrations='geometric', delta_T=False)[source]

Query JPL Horizons for state vectors.

Deprecated since version 0.4.7: The get_raw_response keyword argument is deprecated. The vectors_async method will return a raw response.

The location parameter in HorizonsClass refers in this case to the center body relative to which the vectors are provided.

The following table lists the values queried, their definitions, data types, units, and original Horizons designations (where available). For more information on the definitions of these quantities, please refer to the Horizons User Manual.

Column Name

Definition

targetname

official number, name, designation (string)

H

absolute magnitude in V band (float, mag)

G

photometric slope parameter (float)

M1

comet total abs mag (float, mag, M1)

M2

comet nuclear abs mag (float, mag, M2)

k1

total mag scaling factor (float, k1)

k2

nuclear mag scaling factor (float, k2)

phasecoeff

comet phase coeff (float, mag/deg, PHCOFF)

datetime_str

epoch Date (str, Calendar Date (TDB))

datetime_jd

epoch Julian Date (float, JDTDB)

delta_T

time-varying difference between TDB and UT (float, delta-T, optional)

x

x-component of position vector (float, au, X)

y

y-component of position vector (float, au, Y)

z

z-component of position vector (float, au, Z)

vx

x-component of velocity vector (float, au/d, VX)

vy

y-component of velocity vector (float, au/d, VY)

vz

z-component of velocity vector (float, au/d, VZ)

lighttime

one-way lighttime (float, d, LT)

range

range from coordinate center (float, au, RG)

range_rate

range rate (float, au/d, RR)
Parameters:
closest_apparitionboolean, optional

Only applies to comets. This option will choose the closest apparition available in time to the selected epoch; default: False. Do not use this option for non-cometary objects.

no_fragmentsboolean, optional

Only applies to comets. Reject all comet fragments from selection; default: False. Do not use this option for non-cometary objects.

get_query_payloadboolean, optional

When set to True the method returns the HTTP request parameters as a dict, default: False

get_raw_response: boolean, optional

Return raw data as obtained by JPL Horizons without parsing the data into a table, default: False

refplanestring

Reference plane for all output quantities: 'ecliptic' (ecliptic and mean equinox of reference epoch), 'earth' (Earth mean equator and equinox of reference epoch), or 'body' (body mean equator and node of date); default: 'ecliptic'.

See Horizons Reference Frames in the astroquery documentation for details.

aberrationsstring, optional

Aberrations to be accounted for: ['geometric', 'astrometric', 'apparent']. Default: 'geometric'

delta_Tboolean, optional

Triggers output of time-varying difference between TDB and UT time-scales. Default: False

cachebool

Defaults to True. If set overrides global caching behavior. See caching documentation.

Returns:
responserequests.Response

The response of the HTTP request.

Examples

>>> from astroquery.jplhorizons import Horizons
>>> obj = Horizons(id='2012 TC4', location='257',
...                epochs={'start': '2017-10-01',
...                        'stop': '2017-10-02',
...                        'step': '10m'})
>>> vec = obj.vectors()  
>>> print(vec)  
targetname  datetime_jd  ...      range          range_rate
   ---           d       ...        AU             AU / d
---------- ------------- ... --------------- -----------------
(2012 TC4)     2458027.5 ... 0.0429332099306 -0.00408018711862
(2012 TC4) 2458027.50694 ... 0.0429048742906 -0.00408040726527
(2012 TC4) 2458027.51389 ... 0.0428765385796 -0.00408020747595
(2012 TC4) 2458027.52083 ... 0.0428482057142  -0.0040795878561
(2012 TC4) 2458027.52778 ...  0.042819878607 -0.00407854931543
(2012 TC4) 2458027.53472 ... 0.0427915601617  -0.0040770935665
       ...           ... ...             ...               ...
(2012 TC4) 2458028.45833 ... 0.0392489462501 -0.00405496595173
(2012 TC4) 2458028.46528 ...   0.03922077771 -0.00405750632914
(2012 TC4) 2458028.47222 ...  0.039192592935 -0.00405964084539
(2012 TC4) 2458028.47917 ...  0.039164394759 -0.00406136516755
(2012 TC4) 2458028.48611 ... 0.0391361860433 -0.00406267574646
(2012 TC4) 2458028.49306 ... 0.0391079696711  -0.0040635698239
(2012 TC4)     2458028.5 ... 0.0390797485422 -0.00406404543822
Length = 145 rows